EVALUATION TYPES
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Definition
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Types of Evaluation
Formative Evaluation – Evaluates a training program during its development stage
in order to make modifications early on to help improve the program.
Summative Evaluation – Conducted after the training program has been design in order to
provide information on its effectiveness.
Process Evaluation – Focuses on the implementation of a training program to determine
if specific strategies and activities were implemented as intended.
Outcomes Evaluation – Focuses on the changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors
that resulted from training activities.
Impact Evaluation – Focuses on long term, sustained changes on the job performance
as a result of the delivery of a training program.
Formative Evaluation
A formative evaluation is a method
for assessing the value of a training program while the program and its
activities are being formed or in the process of being developed. It is usually
conducted when a new training program is being first developed or when an
existing program is being modified.
The purpose of this type of
evaluation is to ensure a program and/or its activities meets the needs of the
intended audience before it is fully implemented. These evaluations help catch
flaws or gaps early on so that the proper modifications can be made to allow
the learners to successfully acquire the intended skills and knowledge. The
findings typically provide the curriculum designers and developers with
information about how best to revise and modify the program or activities to
obtain the desired results.
Summative Evaluation
A summative evaluation is a method of
assessing the value and effectiveness of a training program at the end of the
program activities (summation). The findings are used to help decide whether a
program and its activities should be continued or modified for improvement.
Summative evaluations occur at the
end of a program to provide an overall assessment of program effectiveness.
They can help answer some of the following questions:
- Were the learning objectives met?
- Is there a need to modify the structure of the program?
- Is there a need to modify specific areas or activities?
- Should we continue the deliver the program?
The various instruments that can be
used to collect the data for a summative evaluation include questionnaires,
surveys, interviews, observations, and testing.
Process Evaluation
A process evaluation determines
whether a training program and its activities have been implemented as
intended.
These evaluations are typically
conducted periodically throughout the life of the training program to address
possible inefficiencies. It is used when a program is implemented to ensure
that the program is efficient and effective. It can also be used during the
latter stages of a program’s life to ensure it is still achieving its intended goals.
Either way, these evaluations focus on how a program actually functions and
assesses its materials and activities.
Outcome Evaluation
An outcome evaluation measures
program effects on the target audience by assessing the outcome (learning) objectives
that the program was intended to achieve. Essentially, they determine what the
participants were able to do as a result of the training.
These types of evaluations focuses on
the changes in knowledge, attitude, and behaviors that resulted from program’s
activities. They measure what the training participants were able to do at the
end of training, and what they actually did back on the job as a result of the
training. These evaluations help determine whether or not the desired results
of applying new skills were achieved in the short-term.
Impact Evaluation
An impact evaluation assesses a
program effectiveness in achieving its ultimate business goals. They determine
how well the program achieved its learning objectives, and how the results of
the training affected the overall business strategic goals. Essentially, these
evaluations attempt to determine the direct impact the training had on the
business performance.
These types of evaluations focus on
long term, sustained changes as a result of the training program. They assess
what changes in the participants’ behaviors can be attributable to the training
program.
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